Developmental Milestones & Norms

Birth to 1 year, from ASHA. Also available in Spanish.

Compiling artic development info over 27 languages, /r/ appears to develop earlier than our previous models. From ASHA.

McLeod and Crowe, AJSLP, 2018. (See p.13 for nice chart).

From ASHA, literacy development info is scattered in among the communication norms, Kdg - 5th grade.

Research reported in ASHAWire, 1991, indicate which irregular verbs develop at which ages 3.0-8.11.

ASHA's data on the phonemes of many different languages.

From Linguisystems, this has milesones for ALL areas of communication.

Thanks to Lori Ruwe, SLP, for compiling this list of Pragmatics, Rec Lang, Exp Lang, & Artic milestones from many sources. See also her Playbased S/L Eval checklist on the Assessments page (Pre-K section at end) that goes along with this.

General sp/lang skills for ages 1-6, with ideas for parents to use at home. From IDOnline.org, also links to cognitive, social, adaptive, and motor skills

Age ranges when sounds are mastered, from TalkingChild.

Recent research from Hustad, et. al., 2021.

This site summarizes expert information for clinical use by SLPs (Speech-Language Pathologists) and students when serving individuals from diverse linguistic & cultural backgrounds.  Provided by Dr. Christina Gildersleeve-Neumann and 100+ graduate students. Gives suggested therapy targets.  

Developmental ages for intelligibility in different contexts. From Caroline Bowen, updated 2021.

Ages at which 80-90% of typical students have achieved particular phonological skills. (Moats/Tolman, 2009)

Chart, from birth - adult. CLICK HERE for a list of references for this chart.

Compiles norms from several different sources

Chart with ages 90% of children can produce sounds correctly, and references. Parent-friendly.

Ages common phonological processes disappear, ages 3.0-5.0. From Caroline Bowen, updated 2021.

Milestones and red flags for learning two languages simultaneously. From bilingualkidspot.com

From FirstYears.org.

From GMU, this is an inventory of all the phonetic speech sounds in most of the world's languages.

From Bilinguistics.com

Lots of info about different languages - phonetic inventiories, dialects, origins, etc.

Includes physical development of oral mechanism, birth - 6 yrs. From Sturt Univ, Australia, 2009, this includes the data from USA, UK, Australia, NZ.

From Gaertner, 2008.

From birth - 10 years of age. By Westby & Robinson, 2014 

From Western Washington Univ., this covers ages 3 months - 18 years.

Describes stages of humor from ages 6 months - 7 years. From LaughterRemedy.com

From birth to 4+ yrs. Pathways.org.

From HearingFirst.org, these are milestones for hearing, speech, language, and cognition for ages birth - 8 yrs.

Stage of development for American Sign Language (ASL). Ages 3 mo. - 6 yr.

From Project Muse, Gallaudet University. Scroll down to Table 1 for ages.

From Colorado Center for Stuttering Therapy, dicusses normal dysfluencies, rates of spontaneous remission, and symptoms of true stuttering.

From Oral Reading Fluency: 90 Years of Measurement.

Downloadable PDF, from Scribd.com.

Age norms for MLU, as well as Brown's 14 grammatical morphemes.

What skills are needed and stages of following verbal directions. From IntegratedChildrens.com

Narrative stages, from combined resources.

Hierarchy chart of language processing skills, from Gail Richards. Free on TpT.

11 skills toddlers must master before words emerge. From Laura Mize's Teach Me to Talk.

Parent handout from SuperDuper, for PreK through school-aged.

From Linguisystems, compiled from several resources.

2010 study by Mabel Rice at University of Kansas, ages 2.6-8.11.

Four levels of question development from psychologist Marion Blank, 2000.

Hierarchy of social/pragmatic skills as related to the development of Executive Function. From Kimberly Peters, PhD, Washington Univ.

From Understood.org. Ages birth - 18 yrs. Sorry, no references given.

From ASHA, benchmarks for birth - adults.

Easy to read norms for s/z ration, fundamental frequency, voice quality, and a dysphonia severity index. From wevosys.com, Germany, 2013.

From ILSLearningCorner.com, these milestones cover 10 months to 6 years.

For ages 3-5+, from PLD-Literacy.org

For ages 1-6 yrs., From PLD-Literacy.org.